All posts by Wintery Knight

https://winteryknight.com/

Six reasons why you should believe in non-physical souls

The first argument for theism that most people learn is the moral argument. Why the moral argument? Because it’s the most accessible – everyone you talk to expects to be treated a certain way. But there’s another argument that’s intuitive for humans: the argument from mind. Everyone has the experience of consciousness and free will. You can make a good argument for God from that.

Here’s the podcast:

Details:

In this podcast, J. Warner examines the evidence for the existence of the mind (and inferentially, the soul) as he looks at six classic philosophical arguments. Jim also briefly discusses Thomas Nagel’s book, Mind and Cosmos and discusses the limitations of physicalism.

The MP3 file is here. (67 MB, 72 minutes)

Topics:

  • Atheist Thomas Nagel’s latest book “Mind and Cosmos” makes the case that materialism cannot account for the evidence of mental phenomena
  • Nagel writes in this recent New York Times article that materialism cannot account for the reality of consciousness, meaning, intention and purpose
  • Quote from the Nagel article:

Even though the theistic outlook, in some versions, is consistent with the available scientific evidence, I don’t believe it, and am drawn instead to a naturalistic, though non-materialist, alternative. Mind, I suspect, is not an inexplicable accident or a divine and anomalous gift but a basic aspect of nature that we will not understand until we transcend the built-in limits of contemporary scientific orthodoxy.

  • When looking at this question, it’s important to not have our conclusions pre-determined by presupposing materialism or atheism
  • If your mind/soul doesn’t exist and you are a purely physical being then that is a defeater for Christianity, so we need to respond
  • Traditionally, Christians have been committed to a view of human nature called “dualism” – human beings are souls who have bodies
  • The best way* to argue for the existence of the soul is using philosophical arguments

The case:

  • The law of identity says that if A = B’ if A and B have the exact same properties
  • If A = the mind and B = the brain, then is A identical to B?
  • Wallace will present 6 arguments to show that A is not identical to B because they have different properties

Not everyone of the arguments below might make sense to you, but you will probably find one or two that strike you as correct. Some of the points are more illustrative than persuasive, like #2. However, I do find #3, #5 and #6 persuasive.

1) First-person access to mental properties

  • Thought experiment: Imagine your dream car, and picture it clearly in your mind
  • If we invited an artist to come and sketch out your dream car, then we could see your dream car’s shape on paper
  • This concept of your dream car is not something that people can see by looking at your brain structure
  • Physical properties can be physically accessed, but the properties of your dream care and privately accessed

2) Our experience of consciousness implies that we are not our bodies

  • Common sense notion of personhood is that we own our bodies, but we are not our bodies

3) Persistent self-identity through time

  • Thought experiment: replacing a new car with an old car one piece at a time
  • When you change even the smallest part of a physical object, it changes the identity of that object
  • Similarly, your body is undergoing changes constantly over time
  • Every cell in your body is different from the body you had 10 years ago
  • Even your brain cells undergo changes (see this from New Scientist – WK)
  • If you are the same person you were 10 years ago, then you are not your physical body

4) Mental properties cannot be measured like physical objects

  • Physical objects can be measured (e.g. – use physical measurements to measure weight, size, etc.)
  • Mental properties cannot be measured

5) Intentionality or About-ness

  • Mental entities can refer to realities that are physical, something outside of themselves
  • A tree is not about anything, it just is a physical object
  • But you can have thoughts about the tree out there in the garden that needs water

6) Free will and personal responsibility

  • If humans are purely physical, then all our actions are determined by sensory inputs and genetic programming
  • Biological determinism is not compatible with free will, and free will is required for personal responsibility
  • Our experience of moral choices and moral responsibility requires free will, and free will requires minds/souls

He spends the last 10 minutes of the podcast responding to naturalistic objections to the mind/soul hypothesis.

*Now in the podcast, Wallace does say that scientific evidence is not the best kind of evidence to use when discussing this issue of body/soul and mind/brain. But I did blog before about two pieces of evidence that I think are relevant to this discussion: corroborated near-death experiences and mental effort.

You might remember that Dr. Craig brought up the issue of substance dualism, and the argument from intentionality (“aboutness”), in his debate with the naturalist philosopher Alex Rosenberg, so this argument about dualism is battle-ready. You can add it to your list of arguments for Christian theism along with all the other arguments like the Big Bang, the fine-tuning, the origin of life, stellar habitability, galactic habitability, irreducible complexity, molecular machines, the Cambrian explosion, the moral argument, the resurrection, biological convergence, and so on.

Canadian arrested and charged for self-defense against armed home intruder

Why should Christians vote? To live out a faithful life plan, you need freedom, safety, and the ability to prosper. This means being able to work without facing discrimination, keeping (most of) what you earn, and educating your children according to your values. But at the most basic level, you need to stay alive. And there are laws that affect whether you are going to be able to stay alive or not.

Now, most of us Americans feel secure from crime. At the local level, we count on the police. We don’t have two-tier policing, like in the UK. American police forces are responsive to taxpayers, not to criminals. Not only do we have great police, but we can also own and train with weapons (if we pass a background check). And even more, now the federal government under Trump is deporting criminals who belong in other countries. For Christians, this means the fundamental need to avoid being killed by criminals is largely met, at least in conservative states with strong self-defense laws.

But now let’s consider Canada.

Here’s the latest story from the Toronto Sun:

This all happened early Monday on Kent St. in downtown Lindsay.

“Officers arrived on scene and learned that the resident of the apartment had woke up to find another male intruder inside his apartment,” said a news release from Kawartha Lakes Police. “There was an altercation inside the apartment and the intruder received serious life-threatening injuries as a result of that altercation.”

[…]“The (alleged) intruder was transported to Ross Memorial Hospital and later air lifted to a Toronto hospital,” say police.

[…]Kawartha Lakes Police Service added: “When released from hospital, he will be held in custody pending a bail hearing.”

So they took the intruder to the hospital, but they arrested the homeowner:

Ezra Levant of Rebel News has spoken with the man who is named Jeremy McDonald.

“A 44-year-old Lindsay man (homeowner) was charged with: aggravated assault and assault with a weapon” but was “released with a future court date,” said that release.

Perhaps in court there will be presented a fuller picture of why police decided to lay the charge on both the alleged intruder and on the break-in victim. Until then, people see it as just another example of letting criminals off easy while victims have to take it — even when they are in a dream state.

Now, those charges – aggravated assault and assault with a weapon – those are very serious charges.

Grok says:

In Canada, the maximum sentence for one charge of aggravated assault under section 268 of the Criminal Code is 14 years imprisonment, as it is a straight indictable offence. For one charge of assault with a weapon under section 267, the maximum sentence depends on the prosecution method: if prosecuted by indictment, it carries a maximum of 10 years imprisonment; if by summary conviction, the maximum is 18 months incarceration.

Imagine that you were an elderly Christian scholar like Wayne Grudem or William Lane Craig, and you got sentenced to 10 years of hard time in a federal prison for defending your home and family from an armed intruder. That’s what happens in Canada! And the feminized majority up there vote for that – it’s “compassion”. I know there are some great conservative Christians in Canada, but that’s not who is making the laws and the policies.

I asked Grok what would happen for a similar case in a conservative American state with Castle Doctrine and Stand Your Ground laws:

Consider the same scenario in Florida. If a homeowner wakes to an armed intruder wielding a knife, grabs a baseball bat, and injures the intruder, Florida’s Castle Doctrine (Fla. Stat. § 776.013) presumes the homeowner acted lawfully. As long as the response was proportionate and the threat imminent, the homeowner is unlikely to face charges and may be immune from civil lawsuits. Excessive force, like attacking a surrendering intruder, could lead to charges, but the law strongly favors the homeowner’s right to self-defense.

Here’s an actual case from Tennessee, reported by The Blaze, that shows how diferently self-defense is handled in conservative Americans states:

A Tennessee grand jury will not bring charges against a Lenoir City homeowner who fatally shot an intruder through a front door in May, saying the shooting was a “stand your ground” self-defense case, according to a Wednesday press release from Russell Johnson, the 9th Judicial District Attorney General.

[…]The grand jury reviewed a presentation by Lenoir City Police Department detectives Lynnette Ladd and Jon Yates and agreed with the District Attorney General Johnson’s decision not to bring criminal charges against the homeowner who fatally shot Owen based on the “stand your ground” statute and that it was a case of self-defense.

Everyone – the police and the District Attorney and the grand jury (fellow Tennessee taxpayers) – sided with the law-abiding homeowner and not the violent criminal.

In strong self-defense states like Tennessee and Florida, the law protects law-abiding citizens. When voting, Christians must consider this. Supporting policies like those of the Democrat Party risks two-tier policing, as seen in the UK, or the criminalization of self-defense, as seen in Canada. To live out your faith, stay safe, and remain free, vote for leaders who prioritize your right to protect yourself and your family from armed criminals.

Vote like your life depends on it, because one day, it might.

Do “social conservative” Christians really hate divorce and lies?

There were a couple of interesting articles in The Federalist about marriage and divorce, so I wanted to blog about them. The first one is about the no-fault divorce law in Texas. The second one is about temporary restraining orders. And then finally I wanted to talk about whether Christian social conservatives really are as socially conservative as they claim.

So there is the first article from The Federalist, and it’s about the Texas Christian man who has had a divorce initiated against him, and he is fighting it, because he doesn’t think it’s Biblical.

The article says:

Jeff Morgan was blindsided when his wife of 11 years recently filed for divorce in Dallas County, Texas. On Aug. 8, he filed a 31-page motion to dismiss the lawsuit, claiming the Texas no-fault divorce law is unconstitutional for 11 distinct reasons. Although Morgan isn’t an attorney and represents himself, his papers are packed with case law.

In a no-fault divorce, one party can dissolve the marriage – even if there are young children! They just say that the marriage is over because of “discord or conflict of personalities”. They don’t need to prove abuse or adultery or abandonment or addiction. Divorces are automatic just because one spouse is not getting along with the other.

Remember, 69% of the time divorces are initiated by women. Before you blame the husband for that, remember that lesbian couples have the highest rates of divorce. So it’s not men who are responsible for the majority of these cases. When men make a commitment, they really mean to keep it. Feeling “conflict of personalities” doesn’t make them break the marriage covenant.

So what happens in the divorce court? There’s no judge who listens to two sides in a divorce case – the person who files is heard, and the divorce is automatic. Morgan doesn’t get to make a case for why the marriage should stay intact, and how it will harm the children. No one listens and no one cares. Even in red states, supposedly conservative Christian lawmakers don’t want marriage laws to be conservative or Christian.

Why do people want no-fault divorce? Well, they want to make the decision about who to marry recklessly. They don’t want to feel any kind of constraint or responsibility to vet the other person for marriage abilities. Many of them get into marriages based on Disney stories about “soul mates”. And then when they find out how much work marriage really is – responsibilities, expectations, obligations – they want to get out of it. Doesn’t matter if it hurts the kids.

Here’s another article from The Federalist, this one is about “temporary restraining orders”. These orders are routinely used in divorce hearings in order to get men separated from their children and kicked out of their own houses. All the woman has to do is say “I’m scared” and the judge grants it immediately. No police report, no investigation of facts, no jury trial.

Note that Protection from Abuse Order (PFA) is the same as Temporary Restraining Order (TRO). It’s called different things in different states.

The article says:

In family court, PFAs are colloquially known as “silver bullets.” They instantly shift custody, restrict communication, and tilt the playing field in favor of the accuser. Even if dropped, the damage lingers.

[…]Take the case of Harry Stewart, a lay minister from Weymouth, Massachusetts. Stewart was arrested and jailed simply for walking to the door of his ex-wife’s apartment building and opening it. Why? He had violated a restraining order “that prohibited him from exiting his car near his ex-wife’s home.” The system treated this routine act of fatherhood as a criminal offense. Writing about the case in Salon, Cathy Young observed, “While his former wife told reporters that Stewart was dangerously unstable, her examples — that he had watched ‘prison movies’ with his 8- and 6-year-old sons and promised to send them some live caterpillars to grow into butterflies — seem shocking only in their innocuousness.”

As Stephen Baskerville noted in Taken Into Custody, “Stewart had already been jailed for six months not for committing any crime but because he refused to confess to one.” The real offense was not violence, but noncompliance with a legal fiction.

The consequences didn’t end with jail time. As Young wrote, “The client could have only supervised visitation for the next two years, until the social worker who monitored the visits finally gave him a clean bill of health.”

A lot of socially conservative Christians today are complaining about men. They are asking “why don’t men approach women?” and “why don’t men take women out on dates?”. They don’t know that men are very much aware of laws and policies like no-fault divorce, false accusations PFAs / TROs, paternity fraud, and biased policing of domestic violence. Men know, and men count the cost.

Have you ever heard a sermon that was critical of divorce or false accusations? Is there any popular music, like from Taylor Swift, that condemns such things? Are there movies, like The Notebook and Titanic, that argue against these things? We are not a culture that really values marriage. And Christians today are not battling against these threats to marriage and family, either.

Here is what I would do in order to make marriage more attractive to men, and better for children (stability):

  • person who initiates divorce leaves with clothes on back, no access to kids except by permission of remaining spouse
  • abolish single mother welfare, and all other welfare that rewards bad decisions about divorce and reckless sex
  • no special category for domestic violence, just have regular criminal law apply to violence in the home
  • false accusations to be punished by giving the accuser the sentence that the accused would have gotten
  • mandatory paternity tests for all children after birth
  • ban IVF in all cases
  • remove abortion coverage from all medical insurance policies, and have them be a separate policy, like life insurance or home insurance
  • abolish all government-provided, government-guaranteed student loans. (Only banks give loans, based on the likelihood of being paid back)

I mention student loans, because men see a woman’s student loans as a deterrent to marriage, and a predictor of financial irresponsibility that can lead to divorce.

Have you ever heard a Christian social conservative advocate for solutions like this? They would certainly solve the problem. So why don’t we hear anything about these solutions?